WeConservePA has updated its guide, Reducing Federal Estate Tax: A Conservation Easement Benefit for Large Estates.
For large estates, death triggers the possibility of federal estate tax. A conservation easement on the deceased person’s land—whether granted in life, by will, or by the person’s heirs—can reduce or eliminate the tax owed.
In 2023, an individual can leave $12.92 million to heirs and pay no federal estate tax. (The IRS announces new inflation-adjusted numbers each year under tax rules that expire at the end of 2025.) Estates larger than these amounts can reduce estate taxes with the grant of a conservation easement on property in the estate. This tax advantage is available whether the grant occurs during the person’s lifetime, by will, or by the deceased person’s heirs.
Land that is perpetually restricted by a conservation easement is valued at its restricted value for federal estate tax purposes. In addition, up to 40% (capped at $500,000) of the value of land restricted by a conservation easement can be excluded from the value of the deceased person’s estate if the easement conforms with section 2031(c) of the tax code.
Reduction in Value of Estate
When land subject to a conservation easement is valued for federal estate tax purposes, the restrictions on subdivision, construction of improvements, and activities and uses imposed by the conservation easement are taken into consideration. Thus, the conservation easement may reduce or, if the land is the primary asset of the estate, eliminate the estate tax that otherwise would be due in the absence of an easement.
Deduction for Contribution After Death
If the deceased landowner failed to grant a conservation easement while alive, the persons handling the estate can take advantage of a tax benefit by donating a conservation easement on property of the estate before the filing of the estate tax return. If the conservation easement otherwise qualifies as a charitable contribution under Code §170(h), the appraised value of the conservation easement can be claimed as a charitable deduction for estate tax purposes under the authority of Code §2055(f). In general, the appraised value of the charitable contribution will be calculated as the difference between the value of the property before restriction less the value of the property as restricted.
